الدوالي

Cyanoacrylate closure uses medical-grade adhesive via catheter to permanently seal incompetent saphenous veins. No tumescent anesthesia or thermal energy needed. INVAMED VenaBLOCK provides non-thermal non-tumescent closure.

RFA delivers controlled thermal energy via catheter to the vein wall, causing collagen contraction and closure. Performed under tumescent anesthesia with ultrasound guidance.

EVLA uses 1470nm laser energy through a radial fiber to thermally ablate the vein wall. Radial fiber ensures circumferential treatment reducing perforation risk.