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A vascular plug is a self-expanding nitinol occlusion device delivered via catheter to permanently block blood flow. Indications include AVM embolization, pre-surgical devascularization, endoleak treatment, and pulmonary AVM closure.

EVOH is a non-adhesive liquid embolic delivered in DMSO solvent with tantalum for fluoroscopic visibility. Primary indications: cerebral AVM embolization, peripheral aneurysm treatment, tumor devascularization, and endoleak sealing.

Coil embolization uses metallic coils for focal vessel occlusion. Liquid embolization uses polymeric agents (EVOH or NBCA) that solidify in situ for diffuse vascular malformations. Choice depends on anatomy and flow characteristics.

PAE is a catheter procedure that shrinks an enlarged prostate by blocking its arterial blood supply with microscopic particles — no incision and no prostate tissue removed. It preserves sexual function in most men and is an alternative to TURP for suitable candidates.