Preoperative Embolization for Hypervascular Tumors: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes Introduction Hypervascular tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms characterized by abundant vascular networks and high blood flow. These tumors, whether benign or malignant, pose significant challenges during surgical resection due to their propensity for substantial intraoperative bleeding, which can complicate

Embolic Agents in Interventional Radiology: Classification, Selection Criteria, and Clinical Applications Introduction Embolization has emerged as one of the most versatile and powerful techniques in the interventional radiologist’s armamentarium. This minimally invasive procedure involves the deliberate occlusion of blood vessels to achieve therapeutic effects across a wide spectrum of pathologies.

Complications of Embolization Procedures and Their Management Introduction Embolization procedures have become integral to the practice of interventional radiology, offering minimally invasive solutions for a wide range of clinical conditions, including hemorrhage control, tumor treatment, management of vascular malformations, and symptomatic relief from benign conditions. These techniques involve the selective

Uterine Fibroid Embolization: Technical Approaches, Embolic Agent Selection, and Patient Outcomes Introduction Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system, affecting a significant proportion of women during their reproductive years. While often asymptomatic, fibroids can cause a range of

Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Conventional vs. Drug-Eluting Bead Techniques Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most significant global health challenges in oncology. As the most common primary liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, HCC affects over 800,000 new patients annually. The incidence

Prostatic Artery Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Technical Considerations and Clinical Evidence Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents one of the most common urological conditions affecting aging men worldwide. This non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland leads to progressive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that can significantly impact quality of

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Embolization: Vascular Anatomy, Embolic Strategies, and Technical Success Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage represents one of the most common and potentially life-threatening emergencies encountered in clinical practice. With an annual incidence of 50-150 per 100,000 population and mortality rates ranging from 5-10% for upper GI bleeding and 10-20% for

Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis: Anatomical Considerations, Technical Approaches, and Outcomes Introduction Hemoptysis, the expectoration of blood originating from the lower respiratory tract, represents a challenging clinical scenario that ranges from mild, self-limiting episodes to life-threatening massive bleeding. While the majority of hemoptysis cases are mild and resolve spontaneously or

Peripheral Arterial Embolization for Trauma: Techniques, Embolic Agents, and Clinical Outcomes Introduction Traumatic injuries remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with uncontrolled hemorrhage accounting for approximately 40% of trauma-related deaths. The management of traumatic vascular injuries has evolved significantly over the past several decades, transitioning from exclusively