INVAบล็อก

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies represent cornerstone treatments in the management of coronary artery disease, playing crucial roles in preventing thrombotic complications across the spectrum from

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the gold standard revascularization strategy for many patients with complex coronary artery disease, despite advances in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Cardiac biomarkers have revolutionized the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of coronary artery disease, providing objective, quantifiable measures of myocardial injury, stress, and inflammation that

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) represents one of the most common and debilitating long-term complications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), affecting 20-50% of patients within two years

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) represents an important advancement in the management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), offering a minimally invasive approach to actively remove thrombus and

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters represent an important therapeutic option in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly when anticoagulation is contraindicated or has failed.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) represents one of the most significant technological advances in modern medicine, enabling complex cardiac surgical procedures by temporarily assuming the functions of

Aortic aneurysms represent a significant cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the aorta, the body’s main arterial vessel, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart

Heart valve disease affects millions of people worldwide, often requiring valve replacement when repair is not feasible. The evolution of prosthetic heart valves represents one

The successful repair of an aortic aneurysm—whether through open surgical or endovascular approaches—represents not the end of patient care but rather a transition to a